The drug therapy for myocardial infarction limits the infarction's size by quickly: Restoring coronary blood flow Restoring nutrient flow Restoring normal blood pressure Restoring lost fluids and electrolytes According to the video, myocardial infarction is commonly caused by: Hyperlipidemia Arrhythmias Pericarditis Aneurysm According to the lesson, this is a common adverse reaction to drug therapy for myocardial infarction: Bleeding Nausea Dizziness Malaise In atherosclerosis, plaque in the coronary artery narrows the artery's lumen most seriously causes: Reduced blood flow Increased blood pressure Reduced blood sugar level Increased blood potassium In atherosclerosis, ruptured plaque can lead to the formation of: A fibrinous thrombus Atrial fibrillation An arterial embolus Ischemia According to the video, myocardial infarction usually begins with: Coronary atherosclerosis Angina An arterial embolus Fibrinous embolus In atherosclerosis, reduced blood flow to the anterior wall of the left ventricle results if: A thrombus blocks the left anterior descending artery A thrombus blocks the right anterior descending artery A thrombus blocks the left anterior ascending artery A thrombus blocks the right anterior ascending artery This is an anticoagulant drug used for treating anteroseptal MI: Heparin Alteplase Clopidogrel bisulfate Metoprolol This is a beta blocker used for treating anteroseptal MI: Metoprolol Heparin Alteplase Clopidogrel bisulfate This is a thrombolytic drug used for treating anteroseptal MI: Alteplase Metoprolol Clopidogrel bisulfate Heparin This is an antiplatelet drug used for treating anteroseptal MI: Clopidogrel bisulfate Heparin Alteplase Metoprolol In regard to myocardial infarction, all of the following statements about nitroglycerin are true, except: It reduces blood flow in the heart's right and left ventricles It relaxes vascular smooth muscles in arteries and veins It reduces preload It helps reduce chest pain In regard to sublingual nitroglycerin therapy for an MI client, reduced preload can: Decrease myocardial oxygen demand Increase myocardial oxygen demand Decrease myocardial blood flow Increase myocardial blood flow According to the lesson, in regard to sublingual nitroglycerin therapy for an MI client, preload is the: Tension on myocardial walls caused by blood at the end of diastole Tension on myocardial walls caused by blood at the end of systole Tension on myocardial walls caused by blood at the beginning of diastole Tension on myocardial walls caused by blood at the beginning of systole In an MI client, low blood pressure due to nitroglycerin administration can: Deprive myocardial cells of oxygen Oversaturate myocardial cells with oxygen Slow myocardial cell conduction Increase myocardial cell conduction For an MI client, nitroglycerin should be administered until: 20 micrograms per minute is reached 40 micrograms per minute is reached 10 micrograms per minute is reached 60 micrograms per minute is reached For an MI client, the infusion rate of nitroglycerin should not exceed: 100 micrograms per minute 50 micrograms per minute 200 micrograms per minute 10 micrograms per minute During IV nitroglycerin therapy for an MI client, the nurse should contact the physician immediately if the client's systolic pressure falls by more than: 10 percent 20 percent 5 percent 50 percent The stimulation of opiate receptors in the central nervous system of an MI client due to morphine administration helps reduce: Pain and anxiety Blood flow The infarction size Injury to myocardial cells In regard to an MI client, this hormone raises heart rate and blood pressure: Catecholamine Glucagon FGH Insulin In regard to an MI client, the nurse should administer morphine sulfate at: 1 to 3 milligrams by slow IV push and repeat this dose every 5 minutes, as prescribed 3 to 5 milligrams by slow IV push and repeat this dose every 10 minutes, as prescribed 1 to 3 milligrams by slow IV push and repeat this dose every 10 minutes, as prescribed 3 to 5 milligrams by slow IV push and repeat this dose every 5 minutes, as prescribed For an MI client, the nurse should expect to continue aspirin therapy daily for at least: 30 days 21 days 14 days 7 days In an MI client, aspirin reduces platelet aggregation and improves coronary blood flow by specifically: Blocking the formation of thromboxane A2 Increasing the production rate of catecholamines Preventing necrosis of the injured myocardium Decreasing the need of myocardial cells for oxygen In a client with an MI, thromboxane A2 triggers: Coronary vasoconstriction Coronary vasodilation Myocardial contraction Vascular resistance Contraindications for thrombolytic drug therapy for an MI client may include all of the following, except: Major surgery within the past 6 weeks Active or recent internal bleeding Severe, uncontrolled hypertension Intracranial neoplasm or aneurysm To maximize the effectiveness of thrombolytic drug therapy for an MI client, the nurse should administer the drug: Soon after the onset of chest pain and ECG changes Right after the administration of aspirin After the chest pain is relieved Within 24 hours of myocardium necrosis All of the following statements about thrombolytic drugs used for the immediate treatment of MI are true, except: They block the conversion of fibrogen to fibrin They prevent necrosis of the injured myocardium They restore coronary blood flow They lyse the occluding thrombus Contraindications for thrombolytic drug therapy for an MI client may include all of the following, except: Closed head or facial trauma within the past 6 months CPR longer than 10 minutes Aortic dissection Recent intracranial or intraspinal surgery In regard to thrombolytic drug therapy for an MI client, to detect life-threatening arrhythmias caused by reperfusion, the nurse should: Monitor the client's ECG continuously Draw blood for baseline laboratory tests Administer alteplase Assess the client's vital signs every 15 minutes Arrange the steps for preparing alteplase for an MI client using an accompanying transfer device in the correct order:
A. Invert the vials to dilute the powder and then remove the transfer device
B. Insert one end of the device into a vial of sterile water
C. Invert the powdered drug vial and insert its rubber stopper into the other end of the device
D. Shake the vial to dissolve the powder completely
 B, C, A only D, C, B only B, A, C, D C, A, D only To prepare an MI client for alteplase therapy, the nurse should: Draw blood for baseline laboratory tests Monitor the client's ECG continuously Monitor the client's ABGs Shake the drug's vial to dissolve the powder completely In regard to a client with an MI, alteplase helps convert: Plasminogen to plasmin Plasmin to plasminogen Thrombin to prothrombin Prothrombin to thrombin During alteplase therapy, the break down of these clotting factors dissolves the thrombus of an MI client: Fibrin and fibrinogen Glucose and glucagon Plasminogen and plasmin Triglycerides and FFAs This is an outward sign that the alteplase therapy is effective in an MI client: Chest pain relief Reduced bleeding Lessened platelet aggregation Reduced diaphoresis During alteplase therapy for an MI client, this signals reperfusion to injured myocardial cells: Baseline ST segments and T waves Baseline PT and APTT Peaking of the creatine kinase MB isoenzyme Baseline APTT only During alteplase therapy for an MI client, this signals that myocardial cell death has slowed or stopped: Peaking of the creatine kinase MB isoenzyme Baseline ST segments and T waves Baseline PT and APTT Baseline APTT only In a client with an anteroseptal MI, heparin blocks the conversion of: Fibrinogen to fibrin and of prothrombin to thrombin Fibrin to fibrinogen and of prothrombin to thrombin Fibrinogen to fibrin and thrombin to prothrombin Fibrin to fibrinogen and thrombin to prothrombin In regard to heparin therapy for an MI client, the nurse should maintain a continuous infusion of: 12 units per kilogram per hour for 24 to 48 hours 60 units per kilogram per hour for 24 to 48 hours 40 units per kilogram per hour for 24 to 48 hours 20 units per kilogram per hour for 24 to 48 hours In regard to heparin and alteplase therapy for an MI client, the nurse should take all of the following precautions to prevent bleeding, except: Monitor the client's PT every 4 hours or as ordered to detect excessive anticoagulation Look for signs of blood in the stool, urine and other body fluids Frequently perform neurologic assessments to detect signs of CVA Monitor old venipuncture sites for oozing, and apply pressure if needed In a client with an MI, beta blockers prevent further damage to the heart by: Reducing myocardial oxygen demand Preventing left ventricular dilation Preventing plaque and thrombi from migrating to the roughened coronary surface Increasing SA node automaticity During IV beta blocker therapy, the nurse should monitor the MI client for all of the following signs of heart failure, except: S2 heart sound Peripheral edema Oliguria Crackles If the MI client can tolerate a full IV dose of metoprolol, the nurse should administer: 50 milligrams of oral metoprolol 100 milligrams of oral metoprolol 150 milligrams of oral metoprolol 25 milligrams of oral metoprolol This is the amount of resistance the heart must pump against: Afterload Cardiac output Preload Heart rate In a client with an MI, metoprolol decreases the force of myocardial contraction, which: Helps the heart use less oxygen Blocks the heart's Beta1 receptors Decreases the client's afterload Decreases the client's preload In regard to continuing therapy for an MI client, this drug should be administered to prevent platelet aggregation: Aspirin Enalapril (enalapril maleate) Isosorbide Butyrol In regard to continuing therapy for an MI client, the nurse should expect to administer this drug to prevent chest pain: Isosorbide Aspirin Enalapril (enalapril maleate) Lovastatin In regard to continuing therapy for an MI client, enalapril (enalapril maleate) is administered to: Prevent left ventricular dilation Prevent platelet aggregation Prevent chest pain Reduce the risk of a second MI A lipid-lowering drug administered to an MI client can decrease the levels of all of the following, except: High-density lipoprotein Triglycerides Very low-density lipoprotein Total cholesterol To prepare an MI client for PTCA and stent placement, all of the following drugs should be administered during immediate therapy, except: Morphine sulfate Aspirin Nitroglycerin Antiplatelet drugs ST segment depression in all of the following leads suggest an inferior wall MI, except: VR II III VF This is a glycoprotein IIb-IIIa receptor antagonist used for clients with an inferior wall MI: Abciximab Clopidogrel Aspirin Cilostazol This is an antiplatelet drug used for clients with an inferior wall MI: Clopidogrel Furosemide Ethanol Theobromine All of the following are hypersensitivity reactions of MI clients to abciximab, except: Dizziness Rash Urticaria Dyspnea This drug binds to ADP receptors, which deactivates nearby glycoprotein IIb-IIIa receptors and prevents fibrinogen from attaching to these receptors: Clopidogrel Abciximab Cilostazol Dipyridamole To prepare an MI client for PTCA, the nurse should expect to administer abciximab: 10 to 60 minutes before the procedure 30 to 60 minutes before the procedure 15 to 30 minutes before the procedure 24 hours before the procedure To prepare an MI client for PTCA, after administering abciximab by IV bolus, the nurse should set the pump to deliver a continuous infusion of: 0.125 micrograms per kilogram per minute 0.150 micrograms per kilogram per minute 1.25 micrograms per kilogram per minute 1.50 micrograms per kilogram per minute To prepare an MI client for PTCA, the physician may prescribe a beta-blocker to: Reduce myocardial oxygen consumption and prevent ischemia-induced arrhythmias Increase myocardial oxygen consumption and prevent ischemia-induced arrhythmias Reduce myocardial oxygen consumption and prevent thrombin-induced arrhythmias Increase myocardial oxygen consumption and prevent thrombin-induced arrhythmias To prepare an MI client for PTCA, the physician may prescribe diltiazem (diltiazem hydrochloride) to: Prevent coronary vasospasm Prevent muscle cramps Prevent the risk for aneurysm Promote normal blood flow Diltiazem (diltiazem hydrochloride) relaxes the vascular smooth muscles of the inferior wall of an MI client by: Preventing plaque and thrombi from migrating to the roughened coronary surface Reducing myocardial oxygen consumption Preventing ischemia-induced arrhythmias Increasing the ability of the AV node to generate an electrical impulse In regard to a client with inferior wall MI, impaired myocardial contractility due to the administration of a beta blocker reduces: Cardiac output Respiration depth AV node automaticity SA node automaticity After the PTCA of an MI client, to maintain coronary artery patency and prevent PTCA complications, the nurse should prepare to administer all of the following, except Aspirin Heparin Nitroglycerin Electrolytes This drug stops thrombi from attaching to the roughened arterial wall of an MI client after a PTCA: Heparin Nitroglycerin Aspirin Abciximab In regard to heparin therapy of an MI client after PTCA, the nurse should individualize the dosage so that the APTT stays at: 1½ to 2 times the control 1 to 2 times the control 1½ to 4 times the control 1 to 4 times the control In regard to heparin therapy of an MI client after PTCA, the nurse should monitor the client closely for: Bleeding Anteroseptal MI Muscle cramps Chest pain After the PTCA of an MI client, the nurse should expect to maintain an IV infusion of nitroglycerin for: 12 to 24 hours 6 to 12 hours 24 to 48 hours 24 to 36 hours If the heart rate of the client with an inferior wall MI falls too low, the nurse should administer: 1 milligram of antiarrhythmic atropine by IV push 100 milligrams of oral antiarrhythmic atropine 5 milligrams of antiarrhythmic atropine by IV push 50 milligrams of oral antiarrhythmic atropine In regard to an inferior wall MI, all of the following statements about atropine are true, except: It reduces myocardial oxygen consumption It increases the ability of SA node to generate an electrical impulse It boosts AV node impulse conduction It can cause premature ventricular contractions Continuing drug therapy for inferior wall MI often includes all of the following, except: Morphine Sulfate Aspirin Clopidogrel bisulfate Nitroglycerin This should be included in continuing drug therapy for an inferior wall MI if the client's left ventricular function is compromised: ACE inhibitor Diuretic Thrombolytic drug Vasodilator Excess synovial fluid in the joint space can most specifically cause: Swelling Symmetry of impairment Tissue changes Paralysis Musculoskeletal deformities may be produced by all of the following, except: Subcutaneous nodules Restrictive range of motion Misalignment of articulating bones Dislocation Musculoskeletal tissue changes, such as subcutaneous nodules, may result from: Rheumatoid arthritis or rheumatic fever Rheumatoid arthritis or crepitus Rheumatic fever or crepitus Crepitus or scarlet fever Muscle tenderness may be caused by all of the following, except: Calcification Trauma Arthritis Tendonitis In rheumatoid arthritis, this usually occurs when the joint's articular surfaces are roughened: Crepitus Felty's syndrome Gout Heberden's node Normal range of motion in the musculoskeletal system varies from client to client depending on: Age and health Gender and age Gender and age Age and skills Normally, the flexion of the cervical spine is up to: 45 degrees 50 degrees 55 degrees 40 degrees Extension of the cervical spine is normally up to: 55 degrees 45 degrees 50 degrees 40 degrees Rotation of the cervical spine is normally up to: 70 degrees 65 degrees 60 degrees 75 degrees Wrist flexion is normally up to: 90 degrees 75 degrees 60 degrees 55 degrees Wrist extension is normally up to: 70 degrees 60 degrees 50 degrees 40 degrees Normal wrist radial movement is: 20 degrees 30 degrees 25 degrees 15 degrees Shoulder flexion is normally: 180 degrees 160 degrees 120 degrees 140 degrees Normal shoulder hyperextension is: 50 degrees 40 degrees 30 degrees 60 degrees Shoulder external rotation is normally: 90 degrees 40 degrees 30 degrees 60 degrees Ankle dorsiflexion is normally: 20 degrees 30 degrees 40 degrees 50 degrees To assess for ankle plantar flexion, ask the client to: Flex the foot downward at the ankle Flex the foot upward at the ankle Rotate the foot downward at the ankle Rotate the foot upward at the ankle Normally, ankle plantar flexion is: 45 degrees 50 degrees 55 degrees 40 degrees When inspecting a client's knees, the nurse should check for all of the following, except: Lateral bending Symmetry and alignment Concavity that usually appears on each side of the patella The hollow of the supra-patellar pouch above the knees To assess the tibial femoral joint, the nurse should do all of the following, except: Palpate along each of the lineal ligaments Flex the knees up to 90 degrees while the foot is resting on the examination table Press thumbs into the joint Palpate along the tibial margins from the patellar tendon toward each side of the knee To assess for swelling or tenderness in an adolescent with knee pain, the nurse should: Press on the tibial tuberosity Press on the deltoid tuberosity Press on the deltoid eminence Press on the tibial femoral joint Hip and knee flexion is normally: 120 degrees 130 degrees 140 degrees 150 degrees Internal hip rotation normally reaches: 45 degrees 40 degrees 50 degrees 55 degrees Hip abduction normally reaches: 90 degrees 180 degrees 120 degrees 60 degrees To assess the client's legs, the nurse should examine all of the following, except the: Humerus Femur Patella Tibia Common spinal abnormalities include all of the following, except: Osteoporosis Scoliosis Lumbar lordosis Kyphosis Herniated intervertebral disks are most commonly found: Between the 5th lumbar vertebra and the first sacral vertebra Between the 6th lumbar vertebra and the first sacral vertebra Between the 5th lumbar vertebra and the second sacral vertebra Between the 6th lumbar vertebra and the second sacral vertebra Spinal rotation is normally: 30 degrees to each side 40 degrees to each side 50 degrees to each side 60 degrees to each side Spinal hyperextension normally is: 30 degrees 20 degrees 40 degrees 50 degrees Spinal flexion is normally: 75 degrees 70 degrees 60 degrees 45 degrees When performing a musculoskeletal system exam, the nurse should use the techniques of: Inspection and palpation Inspection and percussion Palpation and percussion Auscultation and percussion When performing a musculoskeletal system exam while the client is sitting, the nurse should examine all of the following, except the: Hips Head Wrists Shoulders When performing a musculoskeletal system exam in a standing client, the nurse should examine the client's: Legs and spine Legs and feet Neck and spine Hips and legs The age at which embryos have undifferentiated sex organs is up to: Five weeks Ten weeks Fifteen weeks Twelve weeks The space between the anus and the base of the sexual organ is the: Perineum Glans Urethral folds Urethral groove The labia majora and minora are also known as the: Vulva Clitoris Perineum Slit The development of both male and female sets of sex organs is called: Hermaphroditism Pseudohermaphroditism Clinocephalism Mongolianism Gonads in a female will develop as the: Ovaries Uterus Cervix Myometrium In regard to male internal sex organ embryology, the mesonephric duct is also called the: Wolffian duct Mullerian duct Lactiferous duct Ejaculatory duct This male organ is located right above the perineum: Prostate gland Pituitary gland Pineal gland Thymus gland The optimal temperature for the production of sperm is: 93 degrees F 100 degrees F 97 degrees F 98 degrees F The vas deferens leads from the epididymis to the: Prostate Penis Scrotum Testicle The cells which usually produce testosterone are called: Leydig cells Sertoli cells Beta cells Kupffer cells The basement membranes of the testes are made up of: Collagen Ceratin Keratin Elastin In the testes, mature secondary spermatocytes next become: Spermatids Spermatogonia Spermatozoans Semen A process in which a spermatogonium divides is called: Mitosis Amitosis Myosis Miosis A combination of physical and mental retardation is called: Mongolism Attention deficit disorder Autism Minimal brain dysfunction This process is also known as reduction division: Meiosis Mitosis Segmentation Amitosis These increase sperm motility: Prostaglandins Endocrine glands Ductless glands Exocrine glands The energy production part of cells are: Mitochondria Nuclei Centrioles Karyons The mitochondria of a sperm cell is located in the: Midpiece Flagellum Nucleus Acrosome The number of sperm cells contained in semen is about: 100 million 50 million 200 million 500 million The average volume of semen in an ejaculation is about: 1 teaspoon 3 teaspoon 5 teaspoon 7 teaspoon All of the following are parts of the penile shaft, except the: Cowper's gland Corpora cavernosa Corpus spongiosum Prepuce