During the monthly checkup of an infant, the nurse should measure all of the following, except: Primitive reflexes Head circumference Weight Height During the monthly checkup of an infant, the nurse should do all of the following, except: Play with the child prior to assessment Explain each step of the assessment process to the parent Talk to the infant in a very calm manner Make the infant feel safe and comfortable This is a device used for measuring an infant's height: Stadiometer Ruler Keratometer Opthalmometer To get the most accurate information about the infant during a checkup, the nurse should: Ask the caregiver and check if the answers match what the infant presents Observe how the caregiver interacts with the infant Assess the infant's growth and development Review the infant's medical history and perform any necessary measurements An infant with a history of aortic coarctation may have this secondary condition: Poor muscle tone Increased reflex action Abnormal growth of blood vessels Abdominal distention Aortic coarctation is a: Cardiac problem Respiratory problem Digestive problem Neurologic problem All of the following are developmental milestones of a 6-month old infant, except: Picks things up with a pincer grasp Stands with support Sits with minimal support Puts objects in mouth The first set of teeth of an infant usually erupts at the age of: 7 to 8 months 4 to 5 months 9 to 10 months 3 to 4 months The best source of information about an infant is the: Parent Physician Grandparent Infant's medical history All of the following statements about toddlers are generally true, except: They are responsible They are active They are clingy They have stranger anxiety The attention span of a toddler is usually: Very limited Very long Sustained Focused All of the following are common non-verbal cues of toddlers, except: Yelling Crying Pushing away Temper tantrums All of the following are ways to reassure toddlers during sick visits, except: Carry them Bring out a toy Smile at them Have them sit on their parent's lap The nurse should do all of the following when communicating with toddlers, except: Be gentle but logical Listen to what they are saying Observe what they are not saying Give them some control Toddlers are generally most interested in: Exploring Eating Sleeping Talking Usually, the best source of information about a preschooler is: A parent A sibling A physician A teacher When communicating with a preschooler, the nurse should do all of the following, except: Avoid touching them Speak very calmly Reassure them that they are doing great Make them comfortable When administering medications to preschoolers, the nurse should: Provide them a semblance of choice Let them administer the medication to themselves Inform them about the side effects of the medication Ask their parents to administer the medication When communicating with preschoolers, it is important to remember that: They often use their imaginations They don't like to talk They are too shy to express their feelings and ideas They commonly lie to get attention School-age children are between: 6 and 10 years old 5 and 9 years old 4 and 8 years old 6 and 12 years old School-age children are easier to teach for all of the following reasons, except: They are very active and aggressive They want to be involved They are interested in new ideas and experiences They ask a lot of questions Prior to taking an inhaler, a school-age child should first: Shake it Squirt, then inhale Inhale, then squirt Attach the inhaler to a spacer When communicating with school-age children, it is important to keep in mind all of the following, except: That they usually have acquired long attention spans That you should answer their questions That they can reason That they can understand things well To make a school-age child cooperate in his/her care, the nurse should: Set up scenarios that the child can relate to Explain the advantages of compliance Have the caregiver/parent teach the child Distract the child by using toys and other rewards Communicating with adolescents can be challenging for all of the following reasons, except: They are emotionally dependent on their parents They may experience periods of role confusion They are not very confident yet They are in a period of experimentation Adolescents are trying to gain: Identity, confidence, and security Trust, autonomy, and initiative Generativity, ego integrity, and security Intimacy, confidence, and generativity When communicating with adolescents, it may be appropriate for the nurse to inquire about all of the following, except: How they perceive their accomplishments and failures Their future goals Their peers and cliques How they are coping in school When communicating with adolescents, it is important for the nurse to remember all of the following, except: They need immediate solutions to their problems They are individuals They can decide for themselves They need a resource for expert advice When communicating with adolescents, it is most important to: Listen to them in a non-judgmental manner Provide immediate solutions to their problems Avoid questions about sex, dating and alcohol use Ask questions that require syncretic thinking Because the hospital is not a familiar place, children may feel: Anxious Comfortable Restless Secure The best way to make the family of a hospitalized child feel at home is by: Giving them an initial tour of the pediatric unit Having them administer medications to the child Informing them about the progress of the child Giving them emotional support To make a child more comfortable when in the hospital, it is important to: Allow familiar people to visit Let the child play alone in the play room Give them independence by allowing them to decide some things on their own Talk with them more often When caring for a hospitalized child, the nurse should do all of the following, except: Encourage the family and other relatives to always stay with the child Encourage the parent of the child to rest and take a break Give the parent or caregiver some control over the child's care Encourage the parent to have the child's siblings visit All of the following are benefits of parent participation in the treatment of a child, except: They promote a faster recovery of the child They serve as a safety net for the child They take away the fear of the child They are a familiar faces to the child The primary concern when caring for toddlers is: Safety Hygiene Appearance Play The bed of hospitalized children should be kept: Low High At a level where care providers can have an easy access At the level the parents wish it to be The advantages of a cage-top crib include all of the following, except: It makes medication administration easier It serves as the child's own private play pen It keeps the child from falling It allows the mother to leave the child for a while When placing a child in a high chair, the parent or nurse should: Fasten the seatbelt and set the tray in place Allow the child to climb up with assistance Have the child grab the side rails of the chair Support the front and back of the child Feeding a toddler any of the following foods may increase the risk of choking, except: Soup Peanuts Popcorn Hard candy When administering a medication, all of the following are responsibilities of the nurse, except: Make sure to reward the child after he/she receives the medication Make sure that the dose is accurate Make sure the client is not allergic to the medication Make sure that it is the right medication A hospitalized child who cannot take a tablet was prescribed a medication that is available only in tablet form. The best nursing action in this situation is to: Ask the pharmacist if the medication can be crushed Dissolve the medication in a glass of water Try to convince the child to take the medication Change the prescribed medication Prior to administering medication to a hospitalized child, the nurse should do all of the following, except: Weigh the child Explain why the medication is given Make sure the child's ID band matches the medication order Tell the child how the medication tastes if asked Playing with a hospitalized child is a good way to: Observe the child and gain pertinent information Make the child take her medications Treat certain diseases Provide a sense of responsibility and trust In regard to play for hospitalized children, all of the following statements are true, except: Play is too dangerous for seriously ill children Play helps decrease their fears Play allows for self-expression Play can be utilized to facilitate a goal Medical play is usually directed by: A child specialist A physician A nurse A physical therapist All of the following statements about medical play are true, except: It helps children understand the importance of social contracts and rules It is a way for children to gain a sense of control over their conditions It helps children adjust to hospitalization It can be used to teach children about their treatment When assessing for pain, the first thing that the nurse should do is to: Check the child's vital signs Weigh the child Inspect the child for signs of infection Obtain the child's hemodynamic values All of the following are signs that a child is in pain, except: Decreased capillary refill Sweaty palms Irritability Elevated heart rate and blood pressure Non-pharmacological pain management for children includes all of the following, except: Hot baths Touch therapy, such as back rubs Distraction techniques, such as playing games Changing position and moving around The therapeutic effect of pain medication in children is faster when administered: Intravenously Orally Topically Intramuscularly Oral analgesics in children usually take effect after about: 30 minutes 1 hour 5 minutes 2 hours This statement about the kidneys is most true: They are paired organs of the urinary system lying to the right and left of the spinal column They are paired organs of the excretory system containing a high concentration of peroxisome and islets of Langerhans They are paired organs of the urinary system which take in nitrogenous wastes and convert them to uric acid They are paired organs of the excretory system that helps cool the body and regulate the concentration of salt The number of nephrons in the kidneys is approximately: One million Three million Ten million Twenty million The muscles between the ribs are called: Intercostal muscles Articular muscles Axial muscles Pectoral muscles The inner layer of the kidney is called the: Renal medulla Renal cortex Renal papilla Renal hilus The medial tip of the renal pyramid is the: Renal papilla Renal medulla Renal cortex Renal hilus The outer layer of the kidney is called the: Renal cortex Renal medulla Renal papilla Renal hilus A renal corpuscle is composed of an: Afferent arteriole Efferent nerve Afferent impulse Efferent impulse This statement about a nephron is most correct: It is the major functioning unit of the kidney It is twice the size of the efferent arteriole It is the entryway for the kidney vessels and ureters There are about two million of them in the kidneys In regard to nephrons, a very tiny arteriole is also called a: Glomerulus Tomentum Bowman's capsule Hyaloid Blood runs across the Bowman's capsule and into the: Proximal convoluted tubule Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) Juxtaglomerular apparatus Juxtamedullary nephron The parietal layer of the glomerulus is called the: Bowman's capsule Synovium Chorioallantoic membrane Basilar membrane A glomerulus is: A group of capillaries covered in a double layer (visceral and parietal) of epithelium A group of capillaries covered in a single layer (visceral) of epithelium A group of cells located in the visceral layer of the arterioles A group of cells that prevents the passage of medium-sized proteins The endothelia of glomerular capillaries are fenestrated to retain: Red and white blood cells Red blood cells and plasma Albumin and white blood cells Albumin and plasma The inner layer of kidney cells is called the: Endothelial fenestration Mesothelium fenestration Neuroepithelium fenestration Endometrium fenestration The inflammation of the glomerulus is called: Glomerulonephritis Nephroangiosclerosis Bright's disease Glomerusclerosis This statement about the ureters is most correct: They are paired retroperitoneal organs in the urinary system They are located in the midline behind the pubis They enter the kidneys at the renal hilus They exit the kidneys at the trigone The reflux of urine back up into the kidney is called: Hydronephrosis Elastosis Pseudocyesis Anhydrosis According to the lesson, a bladder distended with urine may cause: Hydronephrosis Agalactosis Anhidrosis Crytobiosis The bladder is most specifically located in the midline behind the: Pubis Stomach Liver Pancreas In females, the bladder is located in front of the: Uterus Rectum Stomach Ovaries According to the lesson, dialysis is usually performed every: Two to four days Seven to ten days Ten to fifteen days One to three days According to the video, all of the following neurological signs and symptoms can signal a serious and possibly life-threatening disorder, except: Crepitation rale Hemiparesis Headache Decreased level of consciousness According to the video, a nurse's assessment skills should include all of the following, except: Prescribing the correct drugs for a particular disorder Discovering the most likely cause of a client's signs and symptoms Intervening expertly to help prevent complications Assessing the client's signs and symptoms expertly According to the video, to get to the source of a disorder, a nurse should have: First-rate assessment skills Knowledge in drug prescription Experience in interventional radiology Follow-up care expertise The client opens his eyes in response to the nurse's voice and answers questions, but quickly falls asleep. The client can be best classified as: Lethargic Alert Obtunded Stuporous The client opens his eyes after tactile stimulation and responds slowly before falling back to sleep. The client can be best classified as: Obtunded Lethargic Stuporous Comatose According to the lesson, this is the normal level of consciousness: Alert Obtunded Stuporous Lethargic In regard to hemiparesis, mental status should be assessed to determine the client's orientation to all of the following, except: Date Place Person Time If a hemiparesis client follows one-step commands, this demonstrates integrated functioning of the: Central nervous system Musculoskeletal system Peripheral nervous system Sensory system When assessing the mental status of a client with hemiparesis, the nurse should note the characteristics of the client's speech, including all of the following, except: Gesticulation Vocabulary Sentence structure Pace In regard to hemiparesis, left-sided facial weakness suggests that ischemia has affected the functions of: Cranial nerve VII Cranial nerve VI Cranial nerve V Cranial nerve IV These muscles help humans shrug and move their necks: Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles Trapezius and multifidus muscles Deltoid and iliocostalis muscles Trapezius and longissimus muscles This is also known as the facial nerve: Cranial nerve VII Cranial nerve VI Cranial nerve V Cranial nerve IV Weakness of the left trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles can signal disfunction in: Cranial nerve XI Cranial nerve VII Cranial nerve X Cranial nerve VI This is the spinal accessory nerve on the left: Cranial nerve XI Cranial nerve VII Cranial nerve II Cranial nerve VI On the muscle strength scale, this grade signifies full movement against partial resistance and gravity: 4 1 3 0 According to the lesson, these spinal nerves control the biceps: C5 and C6 T2 and T3 L4 and L5 S3 and S4 During the arm strength assessment of a hemiparesis client, extending the client's arm against resistance tests: C6, C7 and C8 C3, C4 and C5 C1, C2 and C3 C1 and C2 Reduced hand grip in a hemiparesis client means that hand muscles are not sufficiently stimulated by these nerves: C7, C8 and T1 C5, C6 and T1 C6, C7 and C8 C8, T1 and T2 During leg muscle strength assessment for hemiparesis, pressing down on the client's thigh while the client raise his leg off the bed, most specifically measures the function of: L2, L3 and L4 L1, L2 and L3 L3, L4 and L5 L2, L3 and L5 During leg muscle strength assessment for hemiparesis, raising the client's thigh off the bed while the client presses it down, most specifically measures the function of: L2, L3 and L4 L1, L2 and L3 L3, L4 and L5 L2, L3 and L5 In regard to leg strength assessment for hemiparesis, the functioning of spinal nerves L4, L5, S₁ and S₂ can be best measured by: Knee extension Knee flexion Leg adduction Leg abduction According to the video, this may have been damaged in a hemiparesis client with left-sided weakness: Motor cortex Visual cortex Striate cortex Sensorium Left-sided weakness in a hemiparesis client may be caused by: Damaged nerve fibers between the motor cortex and specific cranial or spinal nerves The movement of impulses from the motor cortex through the corticospinal tract to the medulla The movement of impulses from the motor cortex through the corticobulbar tract to the brain stem Damaged nerve fibers between the striate cortex and motor or visual cortex Voluntary muscle movement impulses may move from the motor cortex through the: Corticospinal tract to the medulla or corticobulbar tract to the brain stem Pyramidal motor system to the brain stem or pyramidal tract to the medulla Ventral horn to the pyramidal motor system or ventral root to the medulla Spinothalamic tract to the brain stem or thalamus to the medulla To test sensory deficits in a hemiparesis client, the nurse should assess for all of the following senses, except: Temperature Pain Superficial touch Position According to the lesson, to test superficial touch in a hemiparesis client, the nurse can lightly contact the client's skin with: A wisp of cotton An object with sharp and dull ends A blunt object An object with soft and hard ends According to the lesson, all of the following are usually working normally in a client who feels pain and superficial touch bilaterally, except: Corticospinal tract Thalamus Sensory cortex Spinothalamic tract When assessing a hemiparesis client's position sense, the nurse should move the toe of the client: Up and down Left and right Clockwise Counterclockwise This toe should be assessed for position sense in a hemiparesis client: Great toe of each foot Index toe of each foot Little toe of each foot Fourth toe of each foot This finger should be assessed for position sense in a hemiparesis client: Index finger of each hand Thumb of each hand Middle finger of each hand Little finger of each hand Interventions for lacunar CVA include the administration of all of the following, except: Nootropic drugs Antiplatelet drugs Antihypertensive drugs Lipid-lowering drugs During immediate treatment for lacunar CVA, the vital signs of the client should be checked at least every: 4 hours 2 hours 12 hours 6 hours During immediate treatment for lacunar CVA, the nurse should frequently check the client's neurologic status by assessing all of the following, except: Superficial touch Speech characteristics Pupils Motor function According to the lesson, severe frontal headache may signal a dangerous disorder, such as: Meningitis or cerebral aneurysm Autism or cleft palate Aposthia or club foot Cystic fibrosis or diphallia When assessing the headache characteristics of a client, the nurse should inquire about all of the following, except: Possible causes Location Severity Quality When assessing the headache characteristics of a client, the nurse should inquire about all of the following, except: Effect on the client's vision Onset Duration Aggravating and alleviating factors A temperature of 102.4 degrees fahrenheit with severe frontal headache may signal an infection, such as: Meningitis Aposthia Cerebral aneurysm Hemophilia The brain's temperature control center is the: Hypothalamus Medulla oblongata Cerebellar vermis Midbrain tectum According to the lesson, this is an early sign of increased ICP: Elevated systolic pressure Decreased heart rate Decreased respirations Circumoral cyanosis When testing a client's indirect response to light, the nurse should: Shine the light into each pupil and watch for the opposite pupil to constrict Shine the light into one pupil and watch for it to constrict Ask the client to cover one eye as you watch for constriction in one pupil Hold the pen light slightly above the client's eyebrows The optic nerves or cranial nerve II normally emerge from the back of each eye and form the: Optic chiasm Optic tract Optic fibers Optic disk According to the lesson, the nurse should measure the size of a client's pupil in: Normal room light Normal daylight A dark room A dim room When performing an ophthalmoscopic examination to a client, the nurse should examine the client's right eye using the: Right hand Left hand Dominant hand Non-dominant hand During the ophthalmoscopic examination of a client suspected of having increased intracranial pressure, the nurse should pay particular attention to the: Optic disk Retinal cone Fovea Macula In the eye, a larger than normal optic disk is called: Papilledema Vitreous humour Fovea Sclera All of the following assessment findings may indicate meningitis, complicated by cerebral edema, except: Odynophagia Kernig's sign Brudzinski's sign Hypertension All of the following assessment findings may indicate meningitis, complicated by cerebral edema, except: Hematuria Photophobia Papilledema Sluggish pupil reaction to light In meningitis, blood-born bacteria enter the central nervous system through the: Choroid plexus Meninges Somatosensory cortex Medulla oblongata Neurologic assessment of a meningitis client should include monitoring of all of the following, except: Vision acuity Level of consciousness Speech characteristics Muscle strength This is an antibiotic drug that can be used during immediate treatment for meningitis: Penicillin Mifepristone Piperocaine Clomiphene During treatment for meningitis, the nurse should monitor the client's vital signs every: 4 hours 8 hours 6 hours 2 hours