RELIGIOUS CONSIDERATIONS IN MEAL PLANNING

1. Orthodox Jews:
   1. Kosher meat and poultry.
   2. No shellfish, eels, or pork products.
   3. Milk and dairy products cannot be consumed with meat or poultry; requires separate utensils.
   4. No eggs with a blood spot may be eaten. Eggs may be used with either meat or dairy meals
2. Conservative and Reform Jews: dietary practices may vary from religious laws.
3. Muslims: no pork or alcohol.
4. Hindus: vegetarians (cows are sacred).
5. Seventh-day Adventists:
   1. Vegetarianism is common (lacto-ovo).
   2. No shellfish or pork products.
   3. Avoid stimulants (coffee, tea, other caffeine sources).
   4. No alcohol.
6. Mormons: no coffee, tea, or alcohol.

SPECIAL DIETS

1. Low-carbohydrate diet-ketogenic: low carbohydrate, high fat; dumping syndrome: low carbohydrate, high fat, high protein.
2. Gluten-free diet-elimination of all foods made from oats, barley, wheat, and rye; used for celiac disease.
3. High-protein diet-lean meat, cheese, and green vegetables.
   1. Nephrotic syndrome (may also be on lowsodium diet).
   2. Acute leukemia (combined with high-calorie and soft-food diets).
   3. Neoplastic disease.
4. Low-protein diet:
   1. Usually accompanied by high-carbohydrate diet and normal fats and calories.
   2. Renal failure, uremia, anuria, acute glomerulonephritis.
5. Low-sodium diet:
   1. Heart failure.
   2. Nephrotic syndrome.
   3. Acute glomerulonephritis (varies with degree of oliguria).