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Vitamin A
Retinol (animal source)
Carotene
Beta-carotene
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Essential for maintaining the integrity of the epithelial membranes
Helps maintain resistance to infections
Necessary for the formation of rhodopsin and prevention of night blindness
Necessary fot proper bone growth
Facilitates RNA formation from DNA
Thought to be cancer preventive because of antioxidant properties associated of control free radical damage to DNA and cell membranes
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Mild:
Retarded Growth
Increase susceptibility to infection
Abnormal function of gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracks due to altered epithelial membranes
Skin dries, shrivels, thickens; sometimes pustule formation
Night blindness
Severe:
Xerophthalmia, a characteristic eye disease, and other local infections
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Fat soluble
Not destroyed by ordinary cooking temperatures
Is destroyed by high temperatures when oxygen is present
Marks capacity for storage in the liver
NOTE: Excessive intake of carotene, from which Vitamin A is formed, may produce yellow discoloration of the skin(carotenemia); excessive Vitamin A intake causes symptoms similar to those of deficiency conditions
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- Liver
- Animal fats:
- Butter
- Cheese
- Cream
- Egg yolk
- Whole Milk
- Fish liver oil
- Liver
- Vegetables
- Green leafy, especially escarole, kale, parsley
- Yellow, especially carrots
- Artificial
- Concentrates in several forms
- Irradiated fish oils
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Vitamin D
Calciferol
Ergocalciferol
Cholecaiciteroi
Calcitriol
Antirachitic factor
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Hormone-like regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism by promotion of:
Gastrointestinal absorption
Gastrointestinal absorption
Bone and tooth mineralization
Renal Absorption
Skeletal reserves
Antirachitic
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Mild:
Inteferes with utilization of calcium and phosphorus in bone and tooth formation
Irritability
Weakness
Severe:
Rickets in young children
Osteomalacia in adults
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Soluble in fats and organic
Relatively stable under refrigiration
Stored in liver
Often associated with Vitamin A
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Formed in the skin by exposure to sunlight
Fortified milk and dairy products
Egg yolk
Fish liver oils
Fish having fat distributed through the flesh, salmon, tuna, herring, sardines
Liver
Oysters
Artificially prepared forms
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