1. Risk factors:

      1. Men.

      2. Age (>50).

      3. Genetic/familial tendency.

      4. Prolonged hyperuricemia (elevated serum uric acid).

      5. Obesity.

      6. Moderate to heavy alcohol intak

      7. Hypertension.

      8. Abnormal kidney function.

    2. Assessment:

      1. Subjective data:

        1. Pain: excruciatin

        2. Fatigu

        3. Anorexi

      2. Objective data:

        1. Joint: erythema (redness), hot, swollen, difficult to move; skin stretched and shiny over joint.

        2. Subcutaneous nodules, tophi (deposits of urate) on hands and feet.

        3. Weight loss.

        4. Fever.

        5. Sensory changes, with cold intoleranc

        6. Lab data:

          1. Serum uric acid: increased significantly (5/100 mL in women, 5/100 mL in men) in chronic gout; only slightly increased in acute gout.

          2. WBC: 12,000—15,000/|1L.

          3. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate: >20 mm.

          4. 24 hr urinary uric acid: slightly elevate

          5. Proteinuria (chronic gout).

          6. Azotemia (presence of nitrogencontaining compounds in blood) in chronic gout.

        7. Diagnostic tests: arthrocentesis, x-rays.

    3. Analysis/nursing diagnosis:

      1. Pain related to inflammation and swelling of affected joint.

      2. Impaired physical mobility related to pain.

      3. Knowledge deficit related to diet restrictions and increased fluid needs.

      4. Altered urinary elimination related to kidney damag