DISORDERS AFFECTING NUTRITIONAL FUNCTIONING

Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) was formerly called juvenile-onset diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is fully covered in Unit 7. Only the differences between the adult and the child are covered.

Differences Between Type 1 (Insulin-dependent) and Type 2 (Non-Insulin-dependent) Diabetes Mellitus
Variable Type I (Insulin-dependent) Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (Non-Insulin-dependent) Diabetes Mellitus
Endogenous (naturally occurring) insulin
Absolute
deficiency of insulin; pancreas produces no insulin
Relative
insufficiency of insulin
Dependence on exogenous insulin
Total dependence on insulin injections for remainder of life
Varies; disease may be controlled by combination of: diet, exercise, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin injections
Typical onset
Abrupt
Insidious
Age at onset
Anytime during childhood years; usually before age 20
Most common between age 40 and 60 years
Weight at onset
Normal or sudden, unexplained loss of weight
Overweight or obese
Gender
Slightly more common in boys than girls
More common in women than men
Ethnicity
More common in Caucasians
More common in Hispanics and Native Americans
Ketoacidosis
Relatively common
Relatively rare
Ease of control/stability
Unstable, difficult to achieve steady blood sugar level
Stable, easier to achieve steady blood sugar level
Presenting symptoms
Q Polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia (“three P’s”)
More commonly related to long-term complications (e.g., changes in vision or kidney function)
Complications
Occur more frequently and at relatively younger age because of younger age at onset of disease; rate 80% or greater
Occur less frequently, and often not seen until later adult years; rate is variable