Male
Vas deferens is occluded (ligated and severed; bands; clips) to prevent passage of sperm.
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- Relatively simple surgical procedure.
- Does not affect endocrine function production of testosterone.
- Does not alter volume of ejaculate.
- Tubal reconstruction possible (90%).
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- Sterility is not immediate; sperm are cleared from vas after about 15 ejaculations.
- Some men become impotent due to psychological response to procedure.
- Fertility after tubal reconstruction (30-85%).
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Female
Both fallopian tubes are ligated and severed, or occluded with bands or clips to prevent passage of eggs; fulguration of the tubes at the cornu is most effective.
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- Abdominal surgery utilizing 1-inch incision and laparoscopy.
- Greater than 99.5% effective.
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- Major surgery (if done by laparotomy) with possible complications of anesthesia, infection, hemorrhage, and trauma to other organs; psychological trauma in some.
- Success rate for pregnancy after tubal reversal using microsurgical techniques: 40-75%.
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Hysterectomy or oophorectomy or both.
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- Abdominal or vaginal surgery.
- Absolute sterility.
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