Assessment: Normal Newborn Reflexes

Reflex	Description	Implications of Deviations from Normal Patterns
Moro (startle)	Symmetrical abduction and extension of arms with fingers extended in response to sudden movement or loud noise	Asymmetrical reflex may indicate brachial (Erb’s) palsy or fractured clavicle
Tonic neck (fencing)	When head turned to one side, arm and leg on that side extend, and opposite arm and leg flex	Asymmetry may indicate cerebral lesion, if persistent
Rooting and sucking	With stimulus to cheek, turns toward stimulus, opens mouth, sucks	Absence of response may indicate prematurity, neurologic problem, or depressed infant (or not hungry)
Palmar grasp	If palm stimulated, fingers curb holds adult finger briefly	Asymmetry may indicate neurological involvement
Plantar grasp	Pressure on sole will elicit curling of toes	Absence/asymmetry associated with defects of lower spinal column
Stepping/dancing	If held in upright position with feet in contact with hard surface, alternately raises feet	Asymmetry may indicate neurological problem
Babinski	Stroking the sole in a upward fashion elicits hyperextension of toes	Same as for plantar grasp
Crawling	When placed in prone position, attempts to crawl	Absence may indicate prematurity or depressed infant