Communication Styles
Different cultures communicate differently. Some rely almost solely on verbal communication, while others place more value on using respectful silence and nonverbal communication as a way to make one's feelings known.
(Consider the English word "sure." By all definitions, it means "yes," as in, "Yes, I will do that." However, the word's meaning can really vary from a reluctant "I guess so" to a more enthusiastic "Absolutely." It is a word that is open to interpretation depending on how it is said and the nonverbal cues that accompany it. If there can be this much interpretation in a single word in a single language, just imagine the different ways to interpret communication when you throw multiple languages and cultural differences into the mix!)
Conflict
How to approach and deal with conflict is an incredibly varied concept across cultures. In traditionally aggressive cultures (such as in the United States), conflict often has positive connotations – especially in the business community. However, in other cultures, conflict must be avoided at all costs. To force conflict on another person might be considered deeply disrespectful and result in a communication breakdown.
Authority
This issue is one that is evident not only across cultures, but across generations, as well. For some individuals, older generations and those in positions of authority are to be revered and followed without question. For others, "blindly" following a leader is a sign of weakness or submission. These differences come into play primarily on the business field, where insubordination can result in a fractured relationship or even the loss of a job.
Individualism
This issue often goes hand-in-hand with authority. Cultures that stress the importance of the individual – that is, relying on oneself to get things done and placing teamwork lower on the scale – are often the same ones that place less importance on the power of authority members. However, when working with a group dynamic, different views of what constitutes teamwork can result in a huge loss of productivity.
Although these four concepts are the most important, there are additional issues to consider when communicating across cultures. Always keep an eye to potential "hotspots" of contention: male-female relations, the importance of punctuality, the separation of personal and professional spheres, and making decisions.