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	<question>
		<phrase isaudiomp3="1" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1.0.mp3"></phrase>
		<question isaudiomp3="1" rationale="0" picture="images/question1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" exercise_type="" questionmode="" choicemode="" answerbankid="" answerbankmode="" rationalemode="" playonload="" mp3speed="" ttsspeed="" passage="1" show_passage="" show_passage_audioplayer="" passage_audio_type="" showvideo="" video="" enable_audio_recorder="" recorder_mode=""><![CDATA[]]></question>
		<saythis><![CDATA[]]></saythis>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[LOS ANGELES  -  Scientists in Europe say they unearthed strong evidence that Neanderthals fashioned their own specialized bone tools.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The find adds to the accumulating evidence that Neanderthals were more sophisticated than previously thought, contrary to their brutish, club-lugging ape-men image.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[In a report published Monday, Aug. 12, in a science journal, archaeologists described the discovery of four fragments of bone tools known as lissoirs at two Neanderthal sites in southwestern France.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The implements are the oldest specialized bone tools found in Europe, said study lead author Marie Soressi, an archaeologist from Leiden University in the Netherlands.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Before the finds, tools unearthed at Neanderthal sites were almost exclusively made of stone.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Bone tools were more common at early modern-human sites  -  leading many scholars to believe that Neanderthals adopted the technology from their more advanced relatives.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[But the recently unearthed lissoirs, about 41,000 to 51,000 years old, could predate the arrival of modern humans in Europe.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The timing suggests that Neanderthals might have figured out how to make the tools themselves, Soressi and her team wrote.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA["I don't think that the image of the brutish or stupid Neanderthal is true anymore," said Paola Villa, a curator at the University of Colorado Museum of Natural History.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Ancient lissoirs were made from animal ribs.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Leather workers probably scraped the tools against hides to create more shiny, waterproof leather.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Craftspeople still use lissoirs today.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Soressi's group unearthed the first lissoir fragment from the Pech-de-l'Aze I excavation site in southwestern France in 2005.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Team member and archaeologist William Rendu of the French National Center for Scientific Research noticed the unusual looking fragment of deer rib.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[He "immediately saw" that its shape and markings weren't anatomical or due to sediment wearing away at the bone, he said.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Further examination under a microscope revealed that the artifact, less than a centimeter long, had a worn edge and a polished surface.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Those characteristics suggested that it had come from a tool.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA["It was obvious it was a lissoir," Soressi said, adding that lissoirs in use today share a similar design.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The ancient fragment was probably a tip that had broken off, she said.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[To confirm that the tip came from a lissoir, the researchers road-tested the tools, fashioning their own lissoirs and scraping them against animal hides.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[When they compared their replicas to the artifact under a microscope, the tools shared the same signs of wear: cracks radiating from the tip.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Soressi shared her findings with Shannon McPherron, an archaeologist at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[He was researching Neanderthal behavior at a nearby site called Abri Peyrony.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[McPherron and his coworkers began searching his site for lissoir fragments too.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The group found three over the next seven years, and confirmed they too came from leather-working tools.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA["We didn't expect to find these bones," said McPherron, a study co-author.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA["We were thrilled."]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Although archaeologists had discovered bone tools at Neanderthal sites before, these were the first that weren't just copies of existing stone tools, McPherron said.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[They exploited bone's unique properties, McPherron said.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA["Ribs have a certain flexibility" that stone lacks, he said.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA["When you're working hide, you want the bone to give a little bit."]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Radiocarbon dating put one of the lissoirs at 51,000 years ago  -  thousands of years before modern humans arrived in Europe.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[That suggests that our ancestors may have adopted the practice of making bone tools from the continent's earlier Neanderthal inhabitants.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[But it's just as likely that modern humans arrived earlier than previously thought, and influenced the Neanderthals, Soressi said.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA["It's a hard call," said Donald Henry, an archaeologist from the University of Tulsa in Oklahoma.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Henry said most of the evidence suggested that Neanderthals adopted the technology from modern humans.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[But even if Neanderthals did adopt elements of modern human culture, "that doesn't mean they're inferior," Henry said.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA["There are many examples of human societies adopting technologies from other societies, and it doesn't imply that the ones who adopted it were stupid."]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The findings add to earlier evidence of complex behavior in Neanderthals.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[They used tree resin as glue and made pitch to waterproof their boats, Villa said.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA["Maybe they didn't have opera, but they weren't dumb," Henry added.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA["They survived hundreds of thousands of years.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/2065-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[We haven't done that yet."]]></answer>
		
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