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	<question>
		<phrase isaudiomp3="1" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1.0.mp3"></phrase>
		<question isaudiomp3="1" rationale="0" picture="images/question1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" exercise_type="" questionmode="" choicemode="" answerbankid="" answerbankmode="" rationalemode="" playonload="" mp3speed="" ttsspeed="" passage="1" show_passage="" show_passage_audioplayer="" passage_audio_type="" showvideo="" video="" enable_audio_recorder="" recorder_mode=""><![CDATA[]]></question>
		<saythis><![CDATA[]]></saythis>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[As warming ocean water melts away the base of the Antarctic ice shelf, the irreversible collapse of a massive cluster of glaciers in Antarctica has begun.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[This could mean that sea levels will rise another 4 feet within 200 years, flooding coastal areas.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Researchers had previously estimated that the glacier cluster in the Amundsen Sea region of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet would last for thousands of years.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[But new studies found that the glacier collapse is underway and occurring far more rapidly than scientists expected.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The warming water is tied to several environmental phenomena, according to two studies released Monday.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[They include global warming and depleted ozone.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The ozone is a gas in the atmosphere that has changed wind patterns.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA["There is no red button to stop this," said Eric Rignot, a University of California, Irvine (UCI) professor of Earth system science.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[He is the lead author of one of the studies conducted with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), which will be published in a journal of the American Geophysical Union.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The six glaciers have passed "the point of no return," Rignot said, meaning that total collapse  -  the melting of the glaciers  -  cannot be prevented.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA["The only question is how fast it's going to go."]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Antarctica, surrounding the South Pole, has the largest amount of ice on the planet and contains an estimated 80 percent of the world's fresh water.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Its scale is difficult to fathom.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[One environmental foundation said that if you loaded the ice onto cargo ships and started counting the vessels, one per second, it would take 860 years before you were finished counting.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The loss of even a portion of that ice would have consequences across the globe.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Scientists have predicted the possibility of glacier collapse for decades.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Confirmation of their hypothesis arrived Monday.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[For the UCI-JPL study, scientists used 40 years' worth of measurements.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Much of it came from data from satellite radar systems that can measure changes on Earth's surface to within a quarter of an inch.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The data was used to measure the precise location of the glaciers' so-called grounding lines  -  the point at which glaciers connect to the ocean floor.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[It is here that ocean water encounters the glaciers and causes it to melt.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The problem compounds itself in several ways, scientists said.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The more grounding lines recede, for instance, the less glaciers weigh.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[This lifts them farther off Earth's bedrock, which allows even more warm water to wear away at the glaciers' foundations.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Similarly, as the glaciers float into deeper portions of the ocean, their ice faces become steeper.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[This makes them increasingly unstable and exposes them even more to warmer water.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The second study, conducted by researchers at the University of Washington, focused largely on the Thwaites Glacier.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Scientists attempted to pinpoint how quickly the giant Thwaites might disappear altogether.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[By itself, the disappearance of the Thwaites could cause global sea levels to rise 2 feet.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[That amount of sea level rise would have a disastrous impact.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Another study this year of the potential effect in Southern California, for instance, said that even a lower rise in the sea level would threaten portions of the Pacific Coast Highway in Southern California.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[It would endanger power plants and wastewater treatment plants.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[It would also worsen tides and storm surges in low-lying communities near Los Angeles, such as Venice and San Pedro.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Using satellite measurements and computer models, the Washington study determined that the Thwaites could melt in as little as 200 years or as long as 1,000 years.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Ian Joughin, a university glaciologist and the lead author of that study, said the lower estimate is more likely.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA["There is quite a bit of ongoing destabilization," he said, and the glacier's disappearance would begin slowly and accelerate over time.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The Thwaites is an important test case because the glacier is an anchor for the rest of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[As goes the Thwaites, many scientists fear, so goes the rest of the ice sheet.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Its disappearance would undermine the entire glacial system, exposing many more miles of grounding lines to the warming ocean water.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA["You can't just remove this glacier cleanly," Joughin said.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA["You pull one part out, the rest will move into the void."]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[If the entire ice sheet disappeared, the global sea level could rise by a catastrophic 15 feet.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA["Eventually, this could lead to the demise of ice across Antarctica," Rignot said.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The scientists were careful to point out that the melting of the glaciers may be inevitable, but it's not a reason to give up on stopping global warming.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The 800-year range is enormous, they pointed out  -  and was driven by computer models that gave many scenarios.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[More emissions from the burning of fossil fuels, including oil, gas and coal, mean more melting and faster collapse, the researchers said, but the reverse is true, too.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA["Eight hundred years is a long time," Joughin said.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[A significant reduction in emissions and other safeguards against climate change could put the glacier collapse closer to 1,000 years.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Think of the technological advances that have occurred in the last 800 years and think of what scientists could come up with in the next 800 years to protect coastal areas, Joughin said.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA["The system really is going down," Rignot said.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1043-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA["How fast it is going to go is critical."]]></answer>
		
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