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	<question>
		<phrase isaudiomp3="1" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/1.0.mp3"></phrase>
		<question isaudiomp3="1" rationale="0" picture="images/question1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" exercise_type="" questionmode="" choicemode="" answerbankid="" answerbankmode="" rationalemode="" playonload="" mp3speed="" ttsspeed="" passage="1" show_passage="" show_passage_audioplayer="" passage_audio_type="" showvideo="" video="" enable_audio_recorder="" recorder_mode=""><![CDATA[]]></question>
		<saythis><![CDATA[]]></saythis>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[JOHANNESBURG  -  At a time when mankind's encroachment on natural environments is increasingly a cause of extinction, scientists have discovered a mass migration of animals in Africa.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The journey of 2,000 zebras reaches farther than any other documented on the continent.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The zebras travel between Namibia and Botswana, two countries in a sparsely populated part of southern Africa.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[It was discovered by wildlife experts only after some of the zebras were collared with tracking devices.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The newfound migration is a rare bright spot at a time when mass movements of wildlife are disappearing because of fencing, land occupation and other human pressures.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[A separate study published by the journal Science reported bad news: species of plants and animals are disappearing at least 1,000 times faster than they did before humans arrived on the scene.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The previously unnoticed trek occurs within the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[This area is the size of Sweden and encompasses national parks in Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia and Angola.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA["It goes to show us that nature still has some surprises," said Robin Naidoo, a conservation scientist at the Washington-based World Wildlife Fund.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[His organization led the two-year study on the migration.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Naidoo said the migration was not detected earlier mainly because it was impossible to know where the animals were going without GPS tracking technology.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The technology has become more available and affordable in the last two decades.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The zebras travel a round-trip journey of 500 kilometers, or 300 miles.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[They start in floodplains near the Namibia-Botswana border at the beginning of the wet season.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The animals follow a route across the Chobe River and end at the seasonally full waterholes and nutritional grass of Nxai Pan National Park in Botswana.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The zebras spend about 10 weeks there before heading back.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Local residents and conservationists knew the zebras left the Chobe River floodplains and returned months later in the dry season.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Until recently, they didn't know where the animals went.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The migration was discovered when researchers put satellite tracking collars on eight zebras and monitored their movements in late 2012 and 2013.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The findings were published this week in the conservation journal Oryx.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA["This is the longest known land migration in Africa, in terms of distance between endpoints," Naidoo said.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[To get the data in a "military-style operation," researchers fired tranquilizer darts at the zebras from a helicopter.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Then they landed and attached GPS collars, Naidoo said.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[He is a professor specializing in the environment at the University of British Columbia.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[David Wilcove, a conservation expert at Princeton University, was not involved in the research but still thought the finding was remarkable.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[He described the migration as an extraordinary discovery at a time when such mass movements are dwindling.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA["We are just scratching the surface in terms of understanding which animals migrate, where they go, and how they do it," Wilcove wrote in an email.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Wildebeest in the Serengeti migration in East Africa are also known to wander.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[They possibly cover more ground and certainly migrate in greater numbers than these zebras.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The southern African zebras move largely in a straight line.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The distance between their departure and destination points appears to be an average of 10 to 20 kilometers, or 6 to 12 miles, farther than the wildebeest travel, according to research described by Naidoo.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Caribou in North America and Asia, Tibetan antelope and Mongolian gazelles also travel long migration routes.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Other seasonal migrations include North America's monarch butterflies, songbirds in the Americas and humpback whales in the Pacific Ocean.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Tony Sinclair, another professor at the University of British Columbia and an expert on the Serengeti migration, said the zebra research shows that the animals have to move through "human-dominated lands."]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[He says that the migration could be lost if more protective measures are not put in place.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Sinclair wrote in an email that people whose land is traversed by the long migration route may obtain incentives to protect it "with some innovative thinking."]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[One example may be linking to tourism.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[In 2004, a fence that had blocked a zebra migration route since the late 1960s was removed in another part of Botswana.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Some 15,000 zebras traveled the re-opened route in 2008-2009, according to research.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Much remains to be learned about the Namibia-Botswana migration.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The World Wildlife Fund said long-term research is needed to confirm if the migration is annual and fixed.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[They also want to know "whether this is genetically coded or passed behaviorally from mothers to offspring."]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[The zebras could have reached similar habitats closer to their starting point.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Instead they chose the longer trek, raising the possibility that they are following a pattern that is so ancient it has become embedded in their genes, according to the Oryx article.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA[Mike Chase, who leads Elephants Without Borders, a Botswana-based group that participated in the zebra migration study, said the trek stirs the heart.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA["We all yearn for that, the romance of wild, open spaces," Chase said.]]></answer>
		<answer isaudiomp3="1" picture="images/c1.jpg" mp3="AUDIO_REPOS/882-1" isrationalemp3="1" rationalemp3="AUDIO_REPOS/right.mp3" rationaleimage="images/rationale/1.1.jpg" rationale="Right" value="1" choicesay=""><![CDATA["There are very few places left on our planet where animals and wildlife have the natural ability to roam in the context in which they evolved over thousands of years."]]></answer>
		
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