When preparing the client for a cardiac system examination, the nurse should ask the client to: For client comfort during cardiac system assessment, if needed, the nurse may elevate the head of the examination table to: Prior to cardiac system assessment, the nurse should do all of the following, except: The mitral area is also known as the: The diameter of the apical impulse is usually: In regard to the apical pulse, heave is defined as: Epigastric area pulsations in an average-sized adult may indicate: A permanent pulsation in the left 2nd intercostal space may indicate: To inspect for pulsations within the pulmonic area, the nurse should ask the client to: If the apical impulse is undetectable, the nurse should have the client do all of the following, except: When palpating an apical impulse at the cardiac apex or within the left ventricular area, the nurse should use: A loud heart murmur which is palpable as a fine vibration is known as a/an: 4 ]]> The pulmonic area is located at the: The aortic area is located at the: The right ventricular area is located along the: Normally, the heart's left border lies at the midclavicular line in the: If the heart's left border extends to the left of the midclavicular line, it may suggest that: To percuss the anterior chest of the client during cardiac system assessment, the nurse should begin at the: S₁ indicates the: S₁ is associated with: S₂ indicates the: S₃ develops from: S₄ develops from: S₃ is also known as: Opening snap results when: Pericardial friction rub occurs when: Pericardial friction rub is heard best at the: A murmur is systolic if it occurs: 1 and S₂ ]]> 1 ]]> 2 ]]> 2 and the next S₁ ]]> A murmur is diastolic if it occurs: 2 and the next S₁ ]]> 1 and S₂ ]]> 1 ]]> 2 ]]> A decrescendo murmur starts: A grade 1 murmur is best described as: A low-pitched murmur is best heard: A high-pitched murmur is best heard with: Prior to auscultation, the nurse should warm the diaphragm of the stethoscope by: When listening for high-pitched heart sounds, the nurse should: When listening for low-pitched heart sounds, the nurse should: Heart sounds originating in the mitral valve are usually best heard: Heart sounds originating in the tricuspid valve are usually best heard: Heart sounds originating in the pulmonic valve are usually best heard: To examine the apical impulse, the nurse should inspect the client's: To estimate the heart size during cardiac assessment, the nurse should percuss the: Achieving a successful cardiac system assessment requires all of the following, except: All of the following are signs of heart failure, except: A heart failure client most significantly exhibits: A client recovering from an MI is at risk for: Heart failure commonly results from: Heart failure occurs when: This is the amount of blood the heart ejects with each beat: The skin of a heart failure client typically feels cold and clammy because of: Normally, ventricular contractions are strong enough to fully overcome: After an MI, the necrotic myocardium is characterized by reduced: Normal heart rate is between: In heart failure, this releases norepinephrine and stimulates the heart's beta-adrenergic receptors to compensate for the reduced cardiac output: Normal stroke volume is: These close when the pressure in the ventricles rises rapidly during diastole: The closure of these heart valves creates the S₁ heart sound: Systolic murmur may occur in a client with heart failure when: This is the pressure the blood exerts on the left ventricle walls to create tension: Ischemia, in a heart failure client, allows: High pressure on the right side of the heart commonly causes: Increased blood volume in a client with peripheral edema is most specifically caused by: In a client with heart failure, this compensatory mechanism is triggered when the kidneys sense a decrease in blood flow: Aldosterone promotes: In a client with heart failure, dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea and cough can occur when increased blood volume and intravascular pressure lead to: In regard to the complications of heart failure, increased pressure in the pulmonary vessels and fluid trapped in the alveoli can most specifically cause: This adventitious breath sound may occur in a heart failure client when fluid congests pulmonary vessels and alveoli: When assessing the GI system of a client with heart failure, the nurse should ask if the client is experiencing all of the following symptoms, except: Acute tubular necrosis in a client with heart failure can cause: In a client with heart failure, chronically low cardiac output and reduced renal perfusion can most specifically lead to: In left-sided heart failure, the accumulation of blood in the left ventricle, left atrium and pulmonary circulation is most specifically caused by: Most specifically, biventricular failure produces signs of: In a client with backward heart failure, the accumulation of blood in the ventricles and atria can result in: In regard to diagnostic tests for a client with heart failure, cardiac catheterization of the left side of the heart may reveal: The normal pressure rate of the right ventricle is: In regard to diagnostic tests for a client with heart failure, cardiac catheterization of the right side of the heart may reveal a low: In regard to treatment for heart failure, angiotensin-converting inhibitor primarily works by: In a heart failure client, vasodilators work most specifically by: In regard to treatment for heart failure, inotropic agents include all of the following, except: An intra-aortic balloon pump is: As the intra-aortic balloon pump in a heart failure client deflates, negative pressure in the aorta most specifically reduces: A ventricular assist device may be used in a heart failure client to: Pulmonary edema most specifically results from: In a heart failure client, all of the following signs and symptoms may indicate pulmonary edema, except: Without treatment, pulmonary edema can lead to all of the following, except: All of the following are signs of acute respiratory distress in a heart failure client with pulmonary edema, except: As stated in the lesson, if a heart failure client is suspected to be suffering from pulmonary edema, the nurse should first assess for signs of: In a heart failure client with pulmonary edema, water and sodium movement into the interstitial space can cause: When assessing the vital signs of a heart failure client with pulmonary edema, the nurse should expect to find: High blood pressure in a client with pulmonary edema is most specifically triggered by: All of the following are stated neurologic signs and symptoms of pulmonary edema, except: In a pulmonary edema client, a pH below 7.35 most specifically reflects: This diagnostic test result of a pulmonary edema client most specifically indicates hypercapnia: 2 above 45 millimeters of mercury]]> 2 below 80 millimeters of mercury]]> The diagnostic tests of a pulmonary edema client may reveal all of the following, except: 2 below 45 millimeters of mercury]]> 2 below 80 millimeters of mercury]]> IV diuretics are usually given to clients with pulmonary edema to rapidly reduce all of the following, except: These may be administered to a client if his/her pulmonary edema is caused by heart failure: When a client who had suffered from pulmonary edema or heart failure is ready for discharge, the nurse should reinforce instructions about all of the following, except: During the monthly checkup of an infant, the nurse should measure all of the following, except: During the monthly checkup of an infant, the nurse should do all of the following, except: This is a device used for measuring an infant's height: To get the most accurate information about the infant during a checkup, the nurse should: An infant with a history of aortic coarctation may have this secondary condition: Aortic coarctation is a: All of the following are developmental milestones of a 6-month old infant, except: The first set of teeth of an infant usually erupts at the age of: The best source of information about an infant is the: All of the following statements about toddlers are generally true, except: The attention span of a toddler is usually: All of the following are common non-verbal cues of toddlers, except: All of the following are ways to reassure toddlers during sick visits, except: The nurse should do all of the following when communicating with toddlers, except: Toddlers are generally most interested in: Usually, the best source of information about a preschooler is: When communicating with a preschooler, the nurse should do all of the following, except: When administering medications to preschoolers, the nurse should: When communicating with preschoolers, it is important to remember that: School-age children are between: School-age children are easier to teach for all of the following reasons, except: Prior to taking an inhaler, a school-age child should first: When communicating with school-age children, it is important to keep in mind all of the following, except: To make a school-age child cooperate in his/her care, the nurse should: Communicating with adolescents can be challenging for all of the following reasons, except: Adolescents are trying to gain: When communicating with adolescents, it may be appropriate for the nurse to inquire about all of the following, except: When communicating with adolescents, it is important for the nurse to remember all of the following, except: When communicating with adolescents, it is most important to: Because the hospital is not a familiar place, children may feel: The best way to make the family of a hospitalized child feel at home is by: To make a child more comfortable when in the hospital, it is important to: When caring for a hospitalized child, the nurse should do all of the following, except: All of the following are benefits of parent participation in the treatment of a child, except: The primary concern when caring for toddlers is: The bed of hospitalized children should be kept: The advantages of a cage-top crib include all of the following, except: When placing a child in a high chair, the parent or nurse should: Feeding a toddler any of the following foods may increase the risk of choking, except: When administering a medication, all of the following are responsibilities of the nurse, except: A hospitalized child who cannot take a tablet was prescribed a medication that is available only in tablet form. The best nursing action in this situation is to: Prior to administering medication to a hospitalized child, the nurse should do all of the following, except: Playing with a hospitalized child is a good way to: In regard to play for hospitalized children, all of the following statements are true, except: Medical play is usually directed by: All of the following statements about medical play are true, except: When assessing for pain, the first thing that the nurse should do is to: All of the following are signs that a child is in pain, except: Non-pharmacological pain management for children includes all of the following, except: The therapeutic effect of pain medication in children is faster when administered: Oral analgesics in children usually take effect after about: