One-rescuer CPR. *If victim is breathing or resumes effective breathing, place in recovery position: (1) move head, shoulders, and torso simultaneously; (2) turn onto side; (3) leg not in contact with ground may be bent and knee moved forward to stabilize victim; (4) victim should not be moved in any way if trauma is suspected and should not be placed in recovery position if rescue breathing or CPR is required. (Modified from Chandra, NC, and Hazinski, MF (eds): Textbook of Basic Life Support for Healthcare Providers, American Heart Association, Dallas, 1997.)

	Objectives	ACTIONS
	Objectives	Adult (>8 yr)	Child (1-8 yr)	Infant (< 1 yr)
A. AIRWAY	1. Assessment: determine unresponsiveness.	Tap or gently shake shoulder.
	1. Assessment: determine unresponsiveness.	Say, "Are you okay?"		Speak loudly.
	2. Get help.	Activate EMS.	Shout for help. If second rescuer available, have person activate EMS.
	3. Position the victim.	Turn on back as a unit, supporting head and neck if necessary (4-10 sec).
	4. Open the airway.	Head tilt/chin lift.
B. BREATHING	5. Assessment: determine breathlessness.	Maintain open airway. Place ear over mouth, observing chest. Look, listen, feel for breathing (3—5 sec).'
	6. Give 2 rescue breaths.	Maintain open airway.
		Seal mouth to mouth.		Mouth to nose/mouth.
		Give 2 slow breaths. Observe chest rise. Allow lung deflation between breaths.
		1 1/2-2 sec each	1 -1 1/2 sec each
	7. Option for obstructed airway.	a. Reposition victim's head. Try again to give rescue breaths.
			b. Activate EMS.
		c. Give 5 subdiaphragmatic abdoominal thrusts (the Heimlich maneuver)		c. Give 5 back blows.
				c. Give 5 chest thrusts.
		d. Tongue-jaw lift and finger.	d. Tongue-jaw lift, but finger sweep only if you finger sweep. see a foreign object.
		If unsuccessful, repeat a, c, and d until successful.
C. CIRCULATION	8. Assessment: determine pulselessness	Feel for carotid pulse with one hand; maintain head tilt with the other (5-10 sec).		Feel for brachial pulse: keep head-tilt.
CPR	Pulse absent: begin chest compressions 9. landmark check	Run middle finger along bottom edge of rib cage to notch at center (top of sternum).		Imagine a line drawn between the nipples.
	10. Hand position.	Place index finger next to finger on notch.		Place 2-3 fingers on sternum. 1 finger's width below line. Depress 1/2-1 in.
	10. Hand position.	Two hands next to index finger. Depress 1 1/2 — 2 in.	Heel of one hand next to index finger. Depress 1 - 1 1/2 in.
	11. Compression rate.	80-100/min	100/min	At least 100/min
	12. Compressions to	2 breaths to every 15 compressions	1 breath to every 5 compressions
	13. Number of cycles.	4	20 (approximately 1 min)
	14. Reassessment.	Feel for carotid pulse.		Feel for brachial pulse.
	14. Reassessment.	If no pulse, resume CPR, starting with compressions.	If alone, activate EMS. If no pulse, resume CPR, starting with compressions.
	Pulse present; not breathing: begin rescue breathing.	1 breath every 5 sec (12/min)	1 breath every 3 sec (20/min)